The correct answer is B: Risk 风险.

Analysis:

The question is asking for the type of evaluation that assesses both the potential loss and the acceptable amount of loss for a given event. Let's analyze each option:

A: Damage 破坏 - This typically refers to the physical or tangible harm caused by an event. While damage assessment might evaluate the extent of harm, it does not inherently consider the acceptability of the loss.

B: Risk 风险 - Risk assessment involves evaluating the probability and impact of different adverse events. It considers both the potential loss (impact) and the likelihood of occurrence, which aligns with assessing the "amount acceptable for a given event." Risk assessments often help in determining acceptable levels of risk and in making decisions to mitigate or transfer risk.

C: Recoverability 可恢复性 - This refers to the ability to recover from a loss or event. While it is related to assessing the impact of an event, it does not directly address the acceptability of the loss.

D: Error 错误 - This generally pertains to mistakes or inaccuracies. Error assessment might focus on identifying and correcting mistakes, but it does not typically involve evaluating acceptable loss levels.

Therefore, the evaluation type that assesses both the extent of potential loss and the acceptability of that loss for a given event is Risk assessment.