Zhang Hancheng: Establish the government's data product strategy to release data value efficiently and safely

Text / Zhang Hancheng

In China, government departments have the largest and most core data of the whole society. In the past, when local governments boosted the economy, they generally recruited real estate, factories, etc. As land and demographic dividends ran out, big data became as important as the means of production such as water, electricity, and coal, and became the most important asset of the government after land. Understanding the case of government big data application and the method of data value release will help activate the sleeping data and release the value of government data. For this we need to sort out:

1. What data assets does the government have

Data resources owned or controlled by the government and capable of bringing social or economic benefits to government organizations are government data assets. This mainly includes two aspects: First, the data owned and managed by the government, such as typical public security, transportation, medical, health, employment, social security, geography, culture, education, science and technology, environment, finance, statistics, weather and other data; The second is the external big data ( such as Internet public opinion data ) generated, collected and collected by the government's work due to the demand for management services .

From the perspective of government " own or control " , government data assets can be roughly divided into five categories, namely:

Only government resources have the right to collect data: such as resources, taxes, and finance;

It is only possible for government resources to aggregate or obtain data: such as construction, agriculture, industry, etc .;

Data generated only after the government initiated: such as urban infrastructure, transportation infrastructure, hospitals, education teachers, etc .;

A large amount of data possessed by the government's regulatory responsibilities: such as census, food and drug management, etc .;

Customer-level consumption and archive data of services provided by the government: such as social security, water and electricity, education information, medical information, traffic and road conditions, public security, etc.

2. Application Cases of Big Data in Local Government

The government has unique advantages in the process of building and applying big data. Government departments not only have valuable data, but also can mobilize social resources to the greatest extent, and can integrate all forces that promote the development of big data. As the dominant force in the construction and application of big data, the government actively uses big data to determine whether it can play the strategic value implied by big data, and has a leading role for the industry. The following author has collected some application cases of big data step by step.

1. Industry and commerce department

Monitoring and warning of abnormal behavior of enterprises

Relying on big data resources, Chongqing is the first country to explore the establishment of a registration monitoring and early warning mechanism to monitor abnormal situations such as abnormal investment in the market, abnormal changes in the industry, and abnormal concentration in the establishment of market access. Contained illegal activities such as false registration and illegal fund raising.

At the same time, actively promote the integration of the legal person database and the geospatial database, build a market subject classification supervision platform, accurately locate the market subject on the electronic map's regulatory grid, and integrate basic information, regulatory information and credit information. Based on the data model, the platform automatically assesses the regulatory level of market entities, prompts supervisors to take classified regulatory measures, and effectively improves the pertinence and scientificity of regulation.

SME Big Data Service Platform Precision Service Enterprise

The Shanxi SME industry information big data application service platform relies on big data, cloud computing and vertical search engines to provide industry dynamics, supply and demand information, exhibition information, industry leaders, investment information, patent information, customs information , Bidding intelligence, industry research reports, industry data and other basic intelligence information, and can also provide personalized customized information including consumer intelligence, competitor intelligence, collaborator intelligence, production intelligence, sales intelligence, etc. according to different needs of enterprises To provide data and information support for small and medium-sized enterprises to comprehensively enhance their competitiveness.

2. Planning department

Operator big data helps city planning

The Qijiang District Planning Bureau of Chongqing City entrusted Shanghai Fudan Planning, Architectural Design and Research Institute and Chongqing Mobile to jointly carry out big data analysis of population, housing, commerce, and public service facilities in Qijiang's central urban area using Chongqing Mobile-related data and Qijiang-related statistical yearbook data To quantify the real estate inventory of Qijiang, propose improvement strategies from the perspective of city construction, improve city functions, and promote the healthy development of the city.

According to reports, after many attempts, Chongqing Mobile took the lead in introducing mobile phone signaling data into urban planning. By establishing a population migration model, it provided the inflow and outflow of population in Qijiang District from 2013 to 2015 (including international, inter-provincial, and intra-city flows) Establish a working-resident model to provide the distribution of living and working population in Qijiang District. By monitoring the population movement of base stations around the road, reflecting the road population movement in Qijiang District 24 hours a day , identifying road congestion points at various times.

3. Transportation Department

Big data helps Hangzhou " clogging "

October 2016, the Hangzhou Municipal Government jointly Ali cloud released a plan: to install an artificial intelligence hub for the city - Hangzhou city data the brain. The core of the city brain will use Alibaba Cloud ET artificial intelligence technology, which can perform global real-time analysis of the entire city, automatically allocate public resources, correct problems in the operation of the city, and eventually evolve into a super artificial intelligence that can govern the city. "Relieving traffic jams" is the first attempt of the city brain, and has been put into use in the heart road of Xiaoshan District, and the speed of vehicles on some roads has increased by 11 %.

4. Education Department

Xuzhou Education Bureau uses big data to improve teaching experience

The Xuzhou Education Bureau implemented "Educational Big Data Analysis and Research", which aims to use data mining and learning analysis tools to achieve the acquisition, storage, management and analysis of educational big data in a hybrid learning method that combines online learning and face-to-face learning. Construct a brand new evaluation system for teachers' teaching methods to improve the teaching and learning experience. This work needs to use the data, index system and analysis tools held by the Central Audio-visual Education Museum for data mining and analysis on the basis of the previous work to build a unified teaching behavior data warehouse to predict the current teaching behavior trends. " Learning Lecture Classes Supported by Information Technology in Xuzhou City " provides high-level services, and can provide system and application services that have been following up with the reform and development of teaching and have been continuously updated and perfected.

5. Medical and health department

Microsoft helps Shanghai Pudong New District Health Bureau become more intelligent

As the leading public health department in Shanghai, the Health Bureau of Pudong New Area, with the help of Microsoft SQL Server 2012 , actively uses big data to promote health care informatization to a new level: the public health department can use the health records of residents in the covered area And electronic medical records database, rapid detection of infectious diseases, comprehensive outbreak surveillance, and rapid response through integrated disease monitoring and response procedures. At the same time, thanks to the increasing analysis capabilities of unstructured data, big data analysis technology has also made clinical decision support systems more intelligent.

6. Meteorological Department

Meteorological data points the way for rational disaster relief

Big data has begun to play an important role in the rescue of "natural disasters" such as earthquakes. Once a natural disaster occurs, the big data technology will point the way to "rational disaster relief". Grab the meteorological bureau and seismic bureau meteorological historical data, nebula map change historical data, and urban planning, housing structure data such as urban construction bureau, planning bureau and other data sources. Path, accurately predict meteorological changes, find the best solution, and plan emergency and disaster relief work.

7. Environmental protection department

Ministry of Environmental Protection uses big data to predict smog

Microsoft has launched the Urban Air system to use city calculations to predict air quality. It uses big data to monitor and forecast fine-grained air quality. The service covers more than 300 cities in China and is adopted by the Chinese Ministry of Environmental Protection. At the same time, Microsoft has also signed contracts with some other Chinese government agencies to provide the services needed in different cities and regions. The technology can predict air quality for the next 48 hours for the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei, Yangtze River Delta, Pearl River Delta, Chengdu-Chongqing urban agglomerations, and individual cities . Unlike traditional simulated air quality, big data prediction air quality relies on machine learning methods based on multi-source data fusion, that is to say, air quality prediction not only depends on air quality data, but also depends on meteorological data, Traffic flow data, factory and mine data, urban road network structure and other fields of data, data in different fields are superimposed on each other, and complement each other, so as to predict the air quality status.

8. Culture and Tourism Department

Shandong Province Uses Tourism Big Data to Drive Rural Economic Development

Shandong Province has combined more than ten travel-related departments, including the provincial public security system, transportation system, statistical system, environmental protection system, and communication system, to integrate elemental data of the province ’s tourism industry, and developed a tourism industry operation monitoring management service platform. Through management and analysis of tourism big data, Shandong Province has improved the management level of scenic spots, tapped the tourism resources in the province, developed more scenic spots that meet the needs of tourists, and rural tourism services such as "Nongjiale", thereby driving the economic development of scenic spots, especially in rural areas.

9. Political and legal departments

Jinan Public Security Uses Big Data to Improve Police Work Ability

Inspur helped the Jinan Public Security Bureau build a big data platform on the basis of building a cloud data center to conduct behavior trajectory analysis, social relationship analysis, biometrics identification, audio and video recognition, bank telecommunications fraud behavior analysis, public opinion analysis, etc. The application of data research and judgment methods provides support for command decision-making, intelligence analysis of various police types, and research and judgment. It can achieve rapid and accurate positioning around the focus of public security, timely and comprehensive grasp of information, scientific command and dispatch police forces and social security forces to quickly solve problems.

Shanghai uses big data to help people find lawyers

At the end of 2016 , the Shanghai lawyer industry credit information service platform developed by the Shanghai Bar Association was launched, integrating the three authorities of the Shanghai Justice Bureau legal service industry information platform, the Shanghai People ’s Court lawyer litigation service platform, and the Shanghai People ’s Government public information credit platform Data sources, through big data analysis of the judgment documents that have been made public by the court, automatically sort out the lawyer's past litigation representation, facilitate people, companies and government agencies to find lawyers, promote transparent and symmetric legal service information, and promote healthy competition in the legal service market .

The credit information database includes five aspects: basic information, practice information, reward and punishment information, business information and social services. Platform information is divided into three types: legal disclosure, industry disclosure, and voluntary disclosure, and provides multiple angles of information display to credit subjects. For the information declared by the credit subject on its own, the Shanghai Law Association will mark out the clear notification items after the formal review, announce it to the society, and accept the supervision of the society.

10. Agricultural sector

Application of agricultural big data in agriculture, rural areas and farmers

Qianmo Technology starts with the accumulated basic agricultural-related data, develops rural inclusive financial services and supply chain financial services, and uses a big data platform and two application systems (agricultural dealer system and new farmer system) to help the new type of business. The main body and agricultural material distributors solve the three major problems of scale, capital and efficiency, and by collecting dynamic data in agricultural production, extend services to the other seven major markets in the entire agricultural industry chain-agricultural finance, agricultural product circulation, Agricultural machinery services, agricultural technology services, agricultural services, land circulation services, agricultural Internet of Things, to create a closed loop of agricultural big data ecological chain.

American companies: big data predicts crop growth

There are many innovative companies in the field of agricultural big data in the United States. In 2006 , two former Google employees founded Climate Corporation . The company focuses on the study of heat and precipitation types throughout the United States through massive publicly available national meteorological service data. Through these data, we analyze the 60- year crop yield data accumulated by the US Department of Agriculture to predict the growth of corn, soybean, wheat and other crops. At the same time, through real-time weather observation and tracking, the company sells weather insurance products to farmers online. Starting with the angel investment in 2007 , Climate Corporation continued to obtain 17 investors with four rounds of $ 108 million in investment. In 2013 , the company was acquired by the famous agricultural company Monsanto for $ 930 million.

11. Finance and Taxation Department

Big data predicts stock prices

In 2011 , the British hedge fund Derwent Capital Markets established a US $ 40 million hedge fund. The fund was the first hedge fund based on social networks. The fund sensed market sentiment through Twitter data content to invest. Coincidentally, the University of California, Riverside also announced a research report that predicted the rise and fall of stocks by analyzing Twitter messages.

Wuxi Local Taxation Bureau applies big data for tax supervision

Since 2013 , the Wuxi Local Taxation Bureau has started to study the impact of the big data era on the development of tax management, explore the prospects of the application of big data technology in tax risk management, and built the " Wuxi Local Tax Tax Information Management Platform " as an information support , Focusing on the three types of tax management areas such as industries, events and large enterprises, by collecting various types of data related to taxpayers from the Internet, after processing, analyzing and comparing with the information in the tax collection and management system, and generating risk doubt points response.

It is worth noting that the US government's tax big data application scenarios are much more specific than domestic ones. Since 2012 , the federal and state tax authorities in the United States have begun to use big data technology to find common features of tax evasion and tax fraud to combat tax evasion. The Internal Revenue Service of the United States ( IRS ) compares taxpayer declaration information with various public information records, and specifically creates a large number of algorithms for the content of pre-tax expenditures and tax refund information in the declaration form to find doubts. With regard to the 2011 tax return alone , it was discovered that $ 3.6 billion of false tax front-end expenditures were found, and that tax refunds exceeding 3 pan> were fraudulent.

Financial securities

To meet the needs of high-frequency algorithm trading, comprehensive data analysis, illegal operation supervision, financial research report trading, and financial data services in the field of financial securities, build financial big data analysis and intelligent decision support systems. Aggregate and integrate high-throughput transaction data of domestic and foreign securities and related derivatives markets, integrate real-time information and public opinion of industry media, provide relevant institutions with intelligent decision support such as financial supervision and risk management, and provide financial market data and economic data for investors, Personalized financial data services such as investment directions.

12. Human and Social Affairs Department

Zhenjiang City Builds a “Big Data” Labor Protection Supervision Rights Protection Supervision System

Zhenjiang Municipal Human Resources and Social Security Bureau of Jiangsu Province took the lead in integrating data resources such as employment, social security, supervision, talent training, taxation, industry and commerce, civil affairs, and public security, and formed the city ’s “information sharing, grid linkage, preventive disposal, and command dispatching” labor relationship intelligent early warning Monitor the "information chain". Through the comparison of information databases, the Municipal Human Resources and Social Security Department can find and correct enterprise labor security violations at the first time, changing the past passive situation of relying solely on labor security supervision departments to handle cases, and promoting the harmonious and stable labor relations of the whole city.

3. Enlightenment of government big data application

Data is a basic resource and an important production factor. How to manage government big data assets, various departments in China still lack unified standards, and how to use big data for detailed analysis is still in the initial stage of exploration, and the application is scattered. To analyze the status quo and characteristics of China's government big data application, learn from useful foreign experience, and promote China's government big data application, we should focus on the following aspects.

1. Build an open platform for government data and do a good job in the integration and management of government data assets

How valuable is government data assets? According to the calculation method given by McKinsey, the potential value of data opening of the Beijing government department can reach 300 billion to 500 billion yuan. According to this calculation, the potential value of data opening of the national government department can reach 10 trillion to 15 trillion yuan.

In view of the great value of government data, the United States, Singapore, and the United Kingdom have all established data open platforms at the national level. In our country, Shanghai, Beijing, Guangzhou, Wuhan and other places have successively established open data platforms and made useful attempts in data disclosure, but there is still a large gap between the amount and quality of data openness abroad-many pieces of information are fragmented, and Different formats are used, and it is very difficult for users to search for information and perform unified processing. Build a unified open platform for government data, integrate all government open data, publish it in a unified data standard and data format, and provide developers with API interfaces, which can greatly improve the efficiency of public use of government data.

2. Demand-oriented, promote big data to serve people's livelihood

Government data is essentially the data obtained by state organs when performing their duties. The funds for collecting these data come from public finances. Therefore, these data are public products and belong to the whole society. They should be taken from the people and used by the people. Therefore, the government's big data must fully consider the actual needs of the people, rather than merely centralizing the originally decentralized business data and providing it to the internal use of government departments. For example, in recent years, government departments in various regions have promoted the implementation of “ One Window , One Window , One Network ” , and introduced big data into government governance to solve the problems of “ many permits and difficult tasks ” for the masses . This is to promote the government management system through smooth flow of data resources, open sharing 3. The governance structure is more rationally optimized, transparent and efficient.

3. Encourage data opening and guide social forces to develop data application products

In the era of big data, for the government, on the one hand, government big data should be built to realize the disclosure and sharing of government data resources; on the other hand, it should undertake the mission of leading and promoting the development of the big data industry. By opening up government data and providing value-added development and innovative applications to the society, it can stimulate public innovation and innovation, and promote the development of the big data industry. The American experience in this respect is worth learning.

In terms of government big data applications, the US consciousness attaches importance to inspiring people's wisdom and encourages the public to apply big data. On the one hand, the government, society, and enterprises can download data for free from Data.gov , and can also use the API provided by Data.gov to implement the development of rich third-party applications; on the other hand, based on Data.gov, the US government also built Apps. gov , for all government departments across the country, provides government public cloud services, and integrates a series of applications, in fact similar to a government application store. It is understood that as of December 2011, only in the Data.Gov site, it brings together 1140 applications and software tools, 85 mobile application plug-ins. Among them, nearly 300 are spontaneously developed by private programmers, public welfare organizations and other social forces.

4. The government should establish a data product strategy

Finally, the author wants to say: Planning, training and project construction are undoubtedly very important for the government to develop the big data industry, but after a year of big data, what did you do? What can be brought out to speak is the product, and the product embodies value.

Data products solidify data, data models, and analysis decision logic into a software system as much as possible, to play the decision value of data in a more automated, more accurate, and more intelligent way. Data products often have universal applicability within a certain range, and the customer base is more extensive. It is also easy to reflect the effectiveness of work.

Data products have universal applicability within a certain range. The number of customers has a greater impact on revenue growth and higher requirements for large-scale replication. There are more companies facing, so the value of data products wins wider than deep. This requires a high degree of sensitivity to the business of the target customer group during product design, so as to meet the urgent needs first, and abstract the diverse data needs into a point that can meet the scattered needs.

Therefore, every local government should establish a data product strategy to release data value efficiently and safely!

The above point of view how the government engages in big data products welcomes WeChat communication: waynezhanghc

Zhang Hancheng: Main research areas: Introduction to Big Data Basics, Big Data Application Practices in Enterprises and Governments, Application Case Analysis, Business Models for Data-Driven Business Transformation, Operators ’Big Data Systems, Tourism Big Data Systems, Data Asset Management, Big Data Industrial ecological analysis, data trading market, blockchain, artificial intelligence, government big data project system, etc.